Macspice 3f5 Is A Complex Circuit Simulator For Mac

Circuit simulation is a way of building and testing virtual models of electronic devices. It is usually cheaper and quicker to simulate a design than to build a prototype. MacSpice requires a text-file description of the circuit as input.

Transmission line elements need to be used with care. Typically, the element models only one propagating mode. This is an issue because electrical transmission lines usually have more than one mode. For example, a length of coaxial cable, has two modes (inner-shield and shield-ground) and a simple pair of wires also has two modes (differential and common).

The example file ' shows what is required to simulate a pair of wires using a single-mode model. Refer to for the details of the calculations required.

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Only the transmission of the voltage and current between N1 and N3 is represented by single-mode elements, N2 and N4 are merely the respective current mirrors of these. Although the tables below imply that all lengths must be given in metres, this is not the case; any standard may be used provided it is used consistently for the 'per unit length' parameters. Consider sacrificing compatibility with Spice3 and using the and devices for modelling a single lossy transmission line and a coupled multiconductor line system, respectively. These elements use the recursive convolution method and were originally developed for and can effectively replace the much slower LTRA model which uses a state-based approach. 3.3.1 Lossless Transmission Lines General form: T XXXXXXX N1 N2 N3 N4 Z0= VALUE [TD= VALUE] [ F= FREQ [NL= NRMLEN] ] + [IC= V1, I1, V2, I2] Examples: T1 1 0 2 0 Z0=50 TD=10NS N1 and N2 are the nodes at port 1; N3 and N4 are the nodes at port 2. Z0 is the characteristic impedance. The length of the line may be expressed in either of two forms.

The transmission delay, TD, may be specified directly (as TD=10ns, for example). Alternatively, a frequency F may be given, together with NL, the normalized electrical length of the transmission line with respect to the wavelength in the line at the frequency F.

If a frequency is specified but NL is omitted, 0.25 is assumed (that is, the frequency is assumed to be the quarter-wave frequency). Note that although both forms for expressing the line length are indicated as optional, one of the two must be specified. Note that this element models only one propagating mode.

If all four nodes are distinct in the actual circuit, then two modes may be excited. To simulate such a situation, two transmission-line elements are required. (see the for further clarification.) The (optional) initial condition specification consists of the voltage and current at each of the transmission line ports. Note that the initial conditions (if any) apply 'only' if the UIC option is specified on the control line. Note that a lossy transmission line () with its loss set to zero may be more accurate than the lossless transmission line due to implementation details.

3.3.2 Lossy Transmission Lines General form: O XXXXXXX N1 N2 N3 N4 MNAME Examples: O23 1 0 2 0 LOSSYMOD OCONNECT 10 5 20 5 INTERCONNECT This is a two-port convolution model for single-conductor lossy transmission lines. N1 and N2 are the nodes at port 1; N3 and N4 are the nodes at port 2. Unreal tournament goty for mac. Note that a lossy transmission line with zero loss may be more accurate than the lossless transmission line due to implementation details. 3.3.3 Lossy Transmission Line Model (LTRA) The uniform RLC/RC/LC/RG transmission line model (referred to as the LTRA model henceforth) models a uniform constant-parameter distributed transmission line. The RC and LC cases may also be modelled using the URC and TRA models; however, the newer LTRA model is usually faster and more accurate than these, but is slower than the KSpice CPL/TXL models. The operation of the LTRA model is based on the convolution of the transmission line's impulse responses with its inputs ().

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The LTRA model takes a number of parameters, some of which must be given and some of which are optional. 3.3.6 KSpice Transmission Line Models WARNING!